Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Work Place Ethical Dilemma

Work place Ethical Dilemma Brenda Paz BSHS-331 August 25, 2010 Roberto Vara Jr. Work place Ethical Dilemma According to Freeman, S. (2000) Ethics: An introduction to philosophy and practice ethical dilemma is a complex situation that will involve conflicts between moral imperatives. This is also called ethical paradox which plays a central role in ethics debates. We are not animals and thus should not act and behave like animals. All humans have social acceptable behaviors we must abide from. Standards we all follow to what we believe, having our own opinions, from obeying the law and knowing what is morally right and wrong.For example the ethical admonition to â€Å"treat others as you would like to be treated† is not always easy to follow especially if the individual you should treat with respect does not in turn respect you. This is an example of ethical decision clashing. About three years ago I experienced an ethical dilemma in the workplace which made me feel puzzled, un appreciated and even confused for just doing and following procedure and protocol to my work responsibilities which my job duties required me to do.I worked for a nonprofit organization which helped advocate for individuals with disabilities and their families. My job title was that of a project assistant of a youth group which empowers young adults with disabilities gather the tools necessary to live a more independent and healthier way of life. The problem to the dilemma consisted in nepotism taking place by my immediate supervisor. The organization I worked for was just a small branch which was extended from the main office which was located in Albuquerque, NM.I did not have another immediate supervisor to question any such ethical dilemmas. Each year our project needed to provide accountability of ten new additional youth members to the group. Membership to the group required the creation and development of a goals and dream planning map. Once the member reached three months of attendance to monthly meetings the individual was then issued a stipend of five hundred dollars to assist in reaching such set goal in the plan. As a project assistant one of my job responsibilities was to locate youth with disabilities and invite them to become part of the group.Part of our initial protocol was not to use the stipend as the initial incentive to join the group but rather to make the youth group more appealing by emphasizing social group gatherings, activities, advocacy and the initial growth of one’s self confidence and development in learning to advocate for themselves and others who cannot speak for themselves in front of congress. My supervisor however did not follow protocol and often selected individuals from her immediate social circle of friends and family members to join the youth group.Secondly those initial members were not required to meet the three month required time limit of monthly meeting attendance to acquire the stipend. One day I politely q uestioned her selection process and she quickly gave the explanation that she needed to meet the quota and had to sign up 10 youth members no matter who they were so the project would not loose funding. Yet when I confronted her about trying to sign up my son or family members with disabilities I was informed I could not because I worked for the organization.I was informed by her that she needed to bend the rules to meet quota but when I offered to help by suggesting to enroll individuals with disabilities from my social circle I was denied. I should have just dropped the issue right there and them, however I went on to question her actions and she abruptly stated† How dare you question me? Don’t try to undermine me Brenda†, then she just changed the conversation right away. Well, soon after that our work relationship was very shaky and when my employment contract ended I was not offered a new contract again.Based on what I learned since I began my study at the Un iversity of Phoenix and through my continued work experience I think I would have handled the situation in the same manner but I would have chosen my words differently. At the time I believe my questioning of her actions and the way I came about it was wrong in the sense that I was trying to fight fire with fire. I was trying to justify my possible actions and suggesting the same methods she was using to recruited my circle of members in the same manner.I now realize that you should not try to suggest justification of one’s actions by doing the same thing the other individual is doing. I needed to fight fire with water and in turn make her analyze her actions and view her ways in a cam and professional manner. Then if that did not work I should have escalated to the next level and called her supervisor in Albuquerque just as a note of information not an accusation. According to _________Ethics can be seen as both the highest and the lowest standards of practice expected of a practitioner, reflecting both the standards of the community and the profession.Codes, rather than being precise dictates, are actually combinations of rules and utilitatian principles that do not provide a rational as to why a particular behavior is right or wrong in a particular situation or circumstance. Therefore, many issues cannot be resolved solely by relying on codes of ethics. Practical judgment and informed conscious reasoning are necessary in the proper application of codes of ethics. Various professional organizations have established codes of ethics for their members however in similar professional, the codes of ethics and acceptable behavior can vary greatly.When faced with an ethical dilemma, a practioner would do well to think of the formal code of ethics of his/her profession and then through a formal ethical decision making process to expedite s sound solution.References Freeman, S. J. , (2000). Publication manual of the Wadsworth group, a division of Thomson Learn ing Inc. Ethics: An introduction to philosophy & practice Environmental Protection Agency Website, (2009), Publication research group of the Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from http:// www. epa. gov/progress/#i

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Palm patent infringment issue Essay

This memo is to recommend that ttools should stop negotiations with Palm and take immediate legal action through patent litigation means. This action is needed in order to protect ttools’ innovation and for survivability of ttools business. Based on the design patent and non-disclosure agreement with Palm it is very clear that Palm has committed the infringement hence chances of ttools winning of litigation case are high. There are high chances that Palm might consider to settle the litigation before going to the trial of the case as they knew that they have committed the patent infringement. Even if Palm goes for the trial, chances of ttools winning are high because they clearly have sufficient prove that the patent violation had happened. Once the litigation action initiated there is a good chance Palm might start negotiation with ttools for licensing or royalty sharing agreement if not for paying the infringement losses. Though costs of pursuing litigation case are high, it’s the only credible and plausible alternative ttools has to win investors’ confidence to invest more money into ttools business. As a startup company with minimal capital, the risk involved around this proposal to incur huge legal costs is high. Ttools has very well written utility patent issued, the nondisclosure agreement signed by Palm, in addition to the clear infringement of the patent are strong factors to file litigation charges. Ttools need to convince it’s our investors that their patent is a strong asset for the company and shall seek their help to invest in the litigation expenses. Looking at the other alternatives, it’s evident that they will not yield any positive outcome  since ttools does not have any bargaining power to negotiate or the resources to compete with Palm. Innovation and intellectual property rights are ttools are the strengths of ttools and it should focus on leveraging it s strengths to compete with Palm. Based on the recent communications with Palm, it is clear that they are not interested in negotiating with ttools despite the fact that they have reminded them about infringement. Palm is already in a contract with IDEO to design a stylus similar to ttools which means that Palm will cease to publish any ads about ttools products from their online newsletter. Negotiating or competing without taking any action to stop infringement of its intellectual property would not enable ttools to leverage its core organizational strengths in competing with Palm. In its current state ads through the online newsletter is the most helpful marketing tool for ttools to reach out to the PDA owners. If Palm stops publishing ads which is highly likely action from Palm’s perspective in order to promote their own product ttools need to develop their own marketing capabilities. Even if they start their marketing campaign, ttools might not be able to compete Palm in terms of resources and market reach. The other alternative of ceasing negotiation and competing with Palm might not be very effective because of the fact that we do not have the capabilities to set a solid ground for such competition. Even if ttools start competing based on its superior pricing and material quality, Palm could easily match its pricing and material quality as long as they could infringe ttools product design. If ttools does not file litigation charges, Palm has not compelling reason to negotiate with ttools for distribution agreement or continue to support online ads for ttools products. Filing litigation charges gives ttools the bargaining power it needs to strike any deal or do any negotiation with Palm, without these legal action Palm has no reason to negotiate and ttools didn’t have any strength to compete.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Case study based assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Based assignment - Case Study Example Sudden herniation through the foramen magnum (back of the skull) is fatal (Kennedy, 2001). Increased ICP is defined as a sustained elevation in pressure above 20mm of Hg/cm of H20. The craniospinal cavity may be considered as a balloon. During slow increase in volume in a continuous mode, the ICP raises to a plateau level at which the increase level of CSF absorption keeps pace with the increase in volume. Intermittent expansion causes only a transient rise in ICP at first. When sufficient CSF has been absorbed to accommodate the volume the ICP returns to normal. Expansion to a critical volume does however cause persistent raise in ICP, which thereafter increases logarithmically with increasing volume. The ICP finally rises to the level of arterial pressure, which it self begins to increase (Thamburaj, 2004). Raised ICP causes arterial hypertension, bradycardia (Cushing's response) and respiratory changes. It is traditionally accepted that hypertension and bradycardia are due to ischaemia or pressure on the brainstem. There is also a suggestion that they could be due to removal of supratentorial inhibition of brainstem vasopressor centers due to cerebral ischaemia and that bradycardia is independent of the rise in blood pressure. The respiratory changes depend on the level of brainstem involved. The midbrain involvement results in Chyne-Stokes respiration. When midbrain and pons are involved, there is sustained hyperventilation. There is rapid and shallow respiration when upper medulla involvement with ataxic breathing in the final stages. Pulmonary edema seems to be due to increased sympathetic activity as a result of the effects of raised ICP on the hypothalamus, medulla or cervical spinal cord (Thamburaj, 2004). There are observable signs that point out that Joyce is indeed suffering from increased intracranial pressure. The most significant of which was the dilation of the left eye. It was revealed in the assessment data that Joyce's pupil in the left eye is greater than her right eye. This only shows that there is malfunctioning in her internal head part or within the brain, particularly in the right side of her brain. it should be noted that dilation of the eyes must be equal on both sides as a result of normal functioning inside the brain. And because the left eye's pupil is dilated more than the right eye, it can only be assumed that there is a very strong pressure inside the brain, forcing the left eye's pupil to be dilated heavily. Another significant data that shows that the patient is suffering from raised intracranial pressure is her abnormal blood pressure, body temperature and intracranial pressure rates. All of these three aspects are beyond and/or under the normal limit of an average person. Joyce's blood pressure is very low (the normal blood pressure is 110/70 - 120/80). This could only mean that there is something wrong in her blood circulation which can be affected by the electrolytes and or malfunctioning of some of her body organs, nerves and systems. Her body temperature is beyond the normal limit which is 37 degree Celsius to 37.5 degree Celsius (Dunn, 2002). Abnormal blood pressure also shows that her blood circulation and body organs are not working properly thereby affecting the production of body heat. Joyce's intracranial pressure is also high and over the limit of the normal rate. This reflects that there is an increased intracr

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Accounting treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting treatment - Essay Example The justification of the company’s fair role has a clear reflection in the management of its accounting. This report is conducted to analyze the impact of organizational fairness in accounting activities on the performance of company managers along with the impact on managers perception in return of fair treatment of the organization. Another important purpose for writing this paper is to analyze the importance of conducting experimental research in the management accounting. Good managers are considered as assets for the organization. It is very important for the organizations to contain managers with positive attitude for the organizational activities regarding the fairness and legal obligations. The role of accountant is very critical in the organization because the accountant knows all about the cash flows and the overall money management of the company. All the managers have knowledge regarding the fairness of company’s operations and activities. It is believed tha t fair compensation system can improve the performance of the employees in the organization. The fair compensation system is a part of fair management accounting system in the company. This research paper will justify the importance of fair treatment of organization in improving the productivity of the organization. ... Organization has a responsibility towards the government to pay complete taxes without any kind of disobedience and illegal activity. All the obligations that are imposed by the government in the organizational and industrial act should be followed by every organization to play a fair role in the country. Nowadays, it is not easy for the companies to play fair role in all the aspects of the business because competition has become very stiff and every company is seeking to get the competitive edge by any means. Therefore in such kind of environment it is difficult to manage all the operations with fairness. In the presence of this fact still the organizations are liable to fulfill all the obligations that are imposed by the government to justify its social beneficial existence in the country. Fairness in all the parts of the organization has a very positive impact on the employees and managers who are working in the organization (Kumari, 116 – 128). It is easy for the company m anagers to observe the fairness in accounting system of the company because it is completely based on figures so it is has become easy for the mangers to evaluate the fair treatment of organization. Therefore, it can be concluded with the fact that fairness in management accounting activities can justify the fairness of organization among the managers. This topic has got a great importance in present competitive world that’s why this topic has been selected for further exploration on this area. Now come specifically to understand the importance of this research paper. The consideration of fairness in the organizational activities has a significant impact on the overall performance of the business,

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Toll Holdings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toll Holdings - Essay Example Toll manages a holding company’s administrative affairs and offers management services to its subsidiaries. The company also assists the board with financial support and control services. The major function of Toll Holdings is to supervise the whole group and its legal structure, financial and equity structures, and tax planning activities. In addition, the organization also deals with other activities including policy making, strategic planning, and marketing, recruiting personnel for senior management positions, approving investment proposals and budgets, and making ongoing evaluation of the group’s overall performance. Toll Holdings is one of the leading providers of integrated logistics services in the Asian region. Some of the principle activities of the company include freight forwarding services, temperature controlled transport service, container storage, warehousing and distribution, vehicle transport and distribution, wharf cartage, large scale liquid transpor tation, and contract distribution services (Toll Holdings Limited). Toll was founded by Albert Toll in Newcastle in 1888. For a long period after the foundation, the company mainly engaged in the transport of goods, especially coal, using horse and cart. Toll was sold to National Mineral Limited following the death of its founder, Albert Toll. Over the 1960, the company transported goods for diversified mining and manufacturing activities and hence the organization became the part of Peko Wallsend Group (Bidder’s statement). After two decades, the company was renamed as Toll Transport in 1985. In the next year, a management buyout team under the leadership of Paul Little and Peter Rowsthorn took over the Toll Transport. This management buyout can be considered as a milestone in the corporate history of Toll Holdings because the company grew dramatically since this buyout. Many of the innovative ideas put forward by Little and Rowsthorn benefited Toll to obtain a competitive edge

Federal Prison Comparison Pape Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Federal Prison Comparison Pape - Research Paper Example Ultimately there are fewer violent offenders in federal prisons than state prisons because a majority of federal crimes are non-violent/commercial crimes. State prisons originate from colonial times, and evolved from the prisons that were established to house criminals who offended the laws against the crown (Clear et al, 2011). Between 1900 and 1970 the prison population in the US was moderate, housing from 90 to 120 prisoners for each 100,000 citizens. However, with more than 35 years of â€Å"steady growth† the prison population is currently five times greater than it was in 1973 representing the largest prison population in the country’s history (Clear et al, 2011, p. 6). There have been many attempts to explain the prions population growth in the US. Gaines and Miller (2011) identified a number of contributing factors. The prions population growth in the US can be attributed to the get tough on crime policies that began in the 1980s. The get tough on crime policies introduced a number of strategies that resulted in mandatory imprisonment. One such strategy in a number of states is the three strikes policy which calls for mandatory incarceration for repeat offenders. Another policy is the longer prison sentencing strategies. With fewer prisoners eligible for parole, the prison population grows because new offenders are introduced into the system and few prisoners are released. Another explanation given for the prison population growth is the fact that there have been more crimes as criminals become more sophisticated and technology aids in the commission of criminal activities (Gaines & Miller, 2011). Security State Prisons State prison systems design their own security systems but they are generally the same among the 50 states. The North Carolina Department of Correction provides an example of the security levels in US state prisons. Prisoners enter the prison system from a county jail for the most part. Upon entering the state prison prison ers are assessed for risks and security risks are balanced against the needs of programs. Newly admitted prisoners are evaluated for security risks and are also subjected to medical and mental health evaluations in the risk assessment process. A number of factors including the crime, social demographics, education, job experience, and criminal history are taken into account (North Carolina Department of Corrections, 2011). Once the prisoner’s evaluation is completed he/she is placed in the appropriate â€Å"custodial level†. The custodial levels are classified as close (maximum), medium, minimum 1, minimum II and minimum III. Close of maximum security is a custodial level where inmates assessed to have the highest security risks are placed. Medium security houses prisoners who are at a lower security risk than prisoners placed in close security. Prisoners who pose a low security risk are placed in minimum III (North Carolina Department of Corrections, 2011). Federal Pr isons The Federal Bureau of Prisons (n.d.) lists four security levels in the federal prison system. The four security systems are minimum security, low security, medium security and high security. Minimum security prisons are also referred to as Federal Prison Camps and have â€Å"dormitory housing, a relatively low staff-to-inmate ratio† and â€Å"limited or no perimeter fencing† (Federal Bureau of Prisons, n.d.). Low security prisons on the other hand have â€Å"double-fenced perimeters†

Friday, July 26, 2019

Select one picture and talk about 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Select one picture and talk about 2 - Essay Example David Park used figurative art to express his concepts in the picture (Jones 1). The thesis statement: the discussion of Ethiopia (1959) is a quest to discover if the piece of work is an object of novelty or objective style? From the aspect of composition, the picture occupies the entire space on the canvas. The figures in the painting are a full size that represents images of grown-up adults. The background consists of different colors that reflect on the images and also compliment them. Looking at the position of their hands and legs, it is clear that there is no movement, they are just standing. The woman at a distance has one hand on her head that may imply that the occurrence is difficult to understand. From the facial expression of the four images, it seems like two people are conversing while the other two are listening. The woman is discussing an issue with the male because the two figures in the front are facing each other. This aspect also shows the difference in the position of the four images; that is the one not displaying the entire body are close, and the ones that are full exhibited are at a distance. David Park has arranged the four images at a different position on the canvas to give m ore attention to the closer images that seem to be the center of his art. Moreover, the figures can be viewed from different angles that make the painting unique. The images are easy to interpret because one can tell the sexes of the individuals and that they are naked. Particular features highlighted in the painting are used to determine the correct sex of the figures. Paying a little attention to the color used on the figures, the woman speaking has a different tone from the others. It can be translated to make her stand out in the piece of art. Analyzing the picture one can conclude that the individuals involved were not civilized because they had no clothes. From the painting style point of view, the brush work is rough because the images do not have

Thursday, July 25, 2019

S.O.A.P Analysis for the ten essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

S.O.A.P Analysis for the ten essays - Essay Example Once being an ordinary man the narrator could enjoy sensitively the beauty of the sunset on the river but since he became an adept in steamboating he started reading rivers like signs: â€Å"Now when I have mastered the language of the water, and had come to know every trifling feature that bordered the great river as familiarly as I knew the letters of the alphabet, I had made a valuable acquisition†. (100) The author supposes that each and every person can share this experience that is why the auditory is broad. Twain refers to personal experience of every adult. As an example besides his steamboating the author mentions probably one of the most evident professions for such issues- doctors. The author thinks how doctors perceive people knowing so much about person`s body: â€Å"What does the lovely flush in a beauty`s cheek mean to a doctor but a â€Å"break† that ripples above some deadly disease?†. However, this comparison can be applied to every person with broaden consciousness and awareness (96). On the one hand, the author wants to feel compassion for his lost ability to see beauty of the most ordinary things. This observation is painful for him and he regrets that the knowledge of steamboiling made him â€Å"read† nature instead of â€Å"drinking† it. He applies his argument to the doctor`s work: â€Å"Since those days, I have pitied doctors from my heart†. On the other hand, the writer understands that such changes of perception are inevitable for human and he addresses the reader with a rhetorical question: â€Å"And doesn`t he (a doctor) sometimes wonder whether he has gained most or lost most by learning this trade?† (106). The author describes his previous pure perception of the river first. This picture is full of beautiful details: â€Å"A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood; in the middle distance the

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Google article and Zappos article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Google and Zappos - Article Example Yahoo offers their workers free time given that the workers complete their jobs on time. However, at Google, workers are only given one-fifth free time of their working hours. Zappos incorporates a corporate culture which treats their employees as a family (Zappos 1). The firm puts its employees first and then everything else. A person would expect a firm to put its customers first and then its employees, but this is not the case at Zappos. The leadership of Zappos is what enables the company to maintain such as corporate culture (Zappos 1). The leaders advocate for fairness and understanding all through the company, and this has enabled the firm to maintain a family-like culture. Such a culture in the case of Zappos might make some workers perform less than other, yet the matter would not be addressed. Working as a family makes a person over-rely on others since they are there to assist one

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Property law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Property law coursework - Essay Example Crane Jr, because a covenant on registered land would be registered as well and not require a DII charge. The details of the charge need careful examination to determine any existing prior rights. Bearing these aspects in view, the existence of a CI land charge suggests that Mr. Crane’s right in the property may be in the nature of an equitable charge that is acquired by a tenant or statutory owner for life.3 There have been successive charges over this land, hence applying section 97 of the Property Act of 1925, any puisne mortgage existing in Mr. Crane’s favor will be determined by the order of registration, however the Land Charges Act4 would make such a mortgage void where a subsequent purchaser of the property is concerned. However, since Mr. Crane has registered the property and the deed exists, this problem may be averted. Section 53(1) of the now-repealed Law of Property Act of 1925 had clarified that no oral interests can be created in property. However Section 53(2) included the provision for the existence of a constructive trust arising in those cases where a former co-habitee asserts a beneficial interest arising out of an informal arrangement, such as that Ms. Chandra had with Mr. Crane, in providing funds for improvement of the property from her own savings. The Land Registration Act of 2002 which has replaced the Law of property Act of 1925 also includes a formality requirement of a signature, even for documents in the prescribed electronic format that are â€Å"to be regarded for the purpose of any enactment† as a deed.5 Ms. Chandra’s interest is not a legal one and may not fall under the category of protection of land charges.6 This could have entitled her to a second legal charge over the land, which would have been enforceable even in the cases of unregistered land, where the charge has not been registered as a class C1 charge7. She has been cohabiting with Mr. Crane and there is no special law that

Monday, July 22, 2019

Technology and Workers Rights Essay Example for Free

Technology and Workers Rights Essay Whether it is over a cup of coffee with friends at the local Starbucks, in a crowded lunch room at work, or on a coworker’s Facebook wall, employees are talking about their jobs, especially to one another. New trends in modern technology, such as the recent explosion and popularity of social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter, continue to constantly change the way employees can engage, share, and voice their work related concerns. According to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), an independent government agency charged with mediating disputes between management and labor unions, this new trend has become an important reminder that sometimes harsh criticism by employees is protected by federal law at work, at home, and now on the Internet. Although social media provides another forum for employees to exercise their protected collective activities, such as share complaints or address concerns to improve working conditions and pay, employers must make sure newly developed social media policies give due consideration to employees’ rights that are protected under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). The New York Times recently published that under the NLRA, â€Å"employees have the right to join together, with or without a union, to exercise their protected collective activities to share complaints, address concerns with employers, and negotiation to improve their working conditions and pay.† The NLRA also protects employees’ rights to discuss work-related issues with other employees that was first made into federal law back in 1935. Basically, criticism of an employer’s practices about wages, hours and working conditions is protected no matter how it is expressed, as long as it is ‘protected, concerted activity.’ The NLRA says that â€Å"protected† is any statement about wages, hours or working conditions, and â€Å"concerted† means the employee’s statements were engaged in with or on the authority of other employees. Workers need to be aware that statements made through this type of forum have to be directed to other employees or to the company on behalf of the employees – not just personal gripes. However, employers need to understand that it doesn’t matter where or even how the employee makes these statements as long as it is â€Å"protected† and â€Å"concerted†. As popular social media sites like Facebook and Twitter continue to influence the way co-workers communicate on the job and outside the workplace, companies feel they do have the right to legally monitor their employees’ activities online, in order to ensure a most professional and lawsuit-proof workplace. â€Å"Bosses can penalize employees for what they deem as â€Å"inappropriate† post, videos and pictures on social-networking sites, even if a worker uses those sites during non-working hours†, states Lewis Maltby, author of the workplace rights book, Can They Do That? Though the most frequently cited justification for workplace monitoring is to prevent employee theft, sabotage, and violent incidents on the job, companies have also voiced concerns that they run huge risks with employees leaking â€Å"trade secrets† or other confidential and proprietary information about their people, products, and services to outside competitors online. In his book, The Naked Employee, author Frederick Lane, a workplace expert on the impact of technology and society, points out â€Å"employers are increasingly more interested in hiring employees who will not expose the company to additional costs and liability, while not hiring employees who will increase their cost through negligence, misconduct, and wrongdoing† (28). But the biggest threat companies are now beginning to fear is the line between an honest online discussion that may lead to defamation of a company, which can be blurry in certain situations, making it even more difficult to distinguish the truth. Although computers have revolutionized employees’ workplaces in ways that earlier generations could not have imagined, U. S. companies, such as retail giant Wal-Mart, may realize they are in catch-up mode with modern technology, due to new challenges brought on by the recent explosion of social media sites. The NLRB found that employers facing this growing trend need to establish social media policies that do not infringe on workers’ rights. For example, the NLRB learned that one company mandated it’s employees to stay away from controversial topics such as religion and politics, and adopt a professional tone in the use of their social media, while other companies had gone so far as to blatantly forbid their employees from posting anything potentially misleading about the company online, and even told their employees to be careful about â€Å"friending† other co-workers on Facebook. The Washington Times reported that in June of this year along, â€Å"the NLRB also found that six of the seven corporate social media policies it examined included provisions that failed to pass regulatory muster, proving to be too vague or intrusive on their workers’ rights to free expression online.† NLRB General Counsel, Lafe Solomon, cited other companies, including DIS H Network and Target, have also maintained similar corporate social media policies that at least partially violated provisions of the NLRA. This delicate balance became strikingly apparent in a recent case filed with the NLRB by a non-union employee fired from a non-unionized emergency medical response team. The employee filed a charge with the NLRB against the company for wrongful discharge after losing her job for posting negative comments about her boss on Facebook. According to the employer, the posting violated a company policy that prohibits employees from making negative remarks on the Internet about the company or its employees. However, the employee claimed that the policy and her discharge from the company violated the NLRA by denying employees their right to engage in the protected, concerted activity of sharing complaints about working conditions with fellow workers. The case settled before an actual hearing with the company agreeing to revise its policy to eliminate any social media restrictions on its employees that could be in violation of the NLRA. In the initial complaint against the company, the NLRB cl aimed the employer’s policy was overly broad and prohibited employees from writing personal personal depictions of the company online without permission or posting any disapproving comments. Cases such as these should serve as a reminder to every employer that the NLRA applies to unionized and non-unionized workers alike. But in this increasingly technologically savvy world, the larger questions looming for both employers and employees alike should be what are the boundaries of an employee’s privacy, and who is more entitled to draw that line. â€Å"Companies should protect themselves and their employees by setting clear expectations on proper social media use in the office,† says Dean Debnam, CEO of Workplace Options, a public policy polling company that surveys American workers. â€Å"However, employers must be cautious of how far they take these regulations. While social media polices are not a problem, survey results show that employees do not support any intrusive measures, such as demanding access to passwords.† As new avenues of self expression created by social media and newly developed technologies evolve, employees should definitely be mindful as to what constitutes a legitimate basis for termination. Companies’ rights to dismiss employees at will, unless that is some statute, like the Labor Act, prohibits a particular act of retaliation, should not be taken lightly. In this tough economy where companies feel that image is still everything, even applicants who have applied for jobs may find out later they have been denied employment, due to messages communicated to their friends on social networking sites they thought were private and password protected. The bigger notion that’s scary for some employees is that once you are hired, you may find that your employer has taken drastic steps to make sure that access to your privacy extends well beyond company working hours. Lane agrees that workplace monitoring is a major problem, because â€Å"technology makes it possible for employers to gather enormous amounts of data about employees, and often goes far beyond what is necessary to satisfy safety or productivity concerns (3-4). Few rights are as deeply treasured by American citizens as their freedom of speech. As the Internet and social media sites becomes more mainstream within the workplace, employers must find better ways to draft and implement employment policies that protect the company from things such as legal disputes and charges of discrimination, while at the same time making sure employee’s rights under the NLRA and other federal employment laws are protected and preserved. Works Cited Buddenberg, Roger. â€Å"Can Workers Vent on Facebook? – Lawyers’ Tips on Social Media for Workers.† Omaha World Herald (NE) 10 Oct. 2011. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Devaney, Tim. â€Å"Tweeting Workers ‘Friended’ by NLRB; Memo Warns of Restricting Rights.† Washington Times 26 June 2012. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Sep. 2012. Kim, Susanna. â€Å"NLRB Backs Workers Fired After Facebook Post Ripping Boss.† ABC News, 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 4 Dec. 2012. Lane, Frederick S. The Naked Employee: How Technology is Compromising Workplace Privacy. New York: Amacom, 2003. Print. Petrecca, Laura. â€Å"More Employers Use Tech to Track Workers.† USA Today. USA Today, 17 March 2010. Web. 6 Sept. 2012.

The character of Danforth in the Crucible Essay Example for Free

The character of Danforth in the Crucible Essay The Crucible was written by Arthur Miller as an allegory. He wrote the Crucible at a time during a modern day witch-hunt. The witch-hunt was the hunt for communists in the USA. Many of Millers friends were being persecuted and being attacked for being communists, which they were not. In 1956 Miller himself was accused of being a Communist and was brought before the House of Un-American Activities Committee. Here he was found guilty in communist beliefs. Later in 1957 this decision was over ruled. Miller then went on to marry Marilyn Monroe but divorced in 1961. The Crucible is told from a third person point of view. The characters dont address the audience directly but do obviously address each other directly. In the Crucible Miller portrays the good, the bad and the evil of Salem, a small village in Massachusetts. He shows that even the most religious people can make huge, costly mistakes. Miller shows this through the actions and words of the characters. The Crucible is set during a series of mad witch-hunts in Salem in the late 17th century. It is about a town, after accusations from a small minority of girls, begins to search madly for witches that do not exist. Many people were hanged on the charges of witchcraft. Miller shows the absurdity of the incident with a theme of truth and righteousness. The theme is conveyed through the struggles of Millers main character, John Proctor. The similarities between the witch-hunt in Salem and the hunt for communists are very alike. Miller makes the hunt for witches in Salem sound mad. He also said this about the hunt for Communists, especially when he was convicted. Miller structures the Crucible is set into four acts and tells almost all the story straight to the viewer or reader. This is minus the John Proctor affair which took place off stage. The story begins in act one, where the situation is told. The audience is told that a group of girls has been practicing witchcraft in the woods with Tituba. The initial incident is the actual accusation of the women of witchcraft by the several girls which were in the forest. This seems to get the story in motion and leads to the towns people getting into a mad frenzy. The main action of the story is the witch-hunt itself. The audience learns in later acts that several women are being tried and hanged for witchcraft.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Compare And Contrast How Shakespeare English Literature Essay

Compare And Contrast How Shakespeare English Literature Essay The three texts all utilise literary methods of showing the different aspects of the male and female sexual relationships between key characters. In Hamlet, the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia will be criticized; In The Millers Tale, the relationship between Alison, John/Nicholas and Absolon will be looked at. Finally, the relationship between Frank and April Wheeler will also act as a medium of comparison with the other characters to feature this analysis. All three texts are composed of male/female sexual and romantic relationships that are compromised by madness and debauchery. In Hamlet, the protagonist seems to be compelled to enact madness so as to avenge his father. In The Millers Tale, Alison, a young married woman is confounded by lust and cheats on her husband with the younger and much more cunning Nicholas. In Revolutionary Road, April Wheeler seems to be affected by a bad upbringing and thus causing her to make unwise decisions that affect her relationship with her husband Frank. Hamlets madness has an effect on his relationship with Ophelia, O, what a noble mind is here oerthrown!, Ophelia believing that Hamlet is truly mad, shows her feelings towards the protagonist by using hendiadys to describe him, The glass of fashion and the mould of form. Hamlet conforms with his perceived madness by rudely mentioning to Ophelia, It would cost you a groaning to take off mine edge., the effect this has on the relationship between Haml et and Ophelia is monumental as this is the last interaction between the pair before Ophelia finally loses her reason with news of her Fathers death. L.L. SchÃ…Â ±cking states, The passive Ophelia treads he terrible path to mental derangement this conforms to the traditional view of women on this period. Shakespeare may be showing that women are affected at a deep level by emotional matters and he shows this by the scale of damage that is done to Ophelia by Hamlet playing with her emotions. There might be a representation of an Oedipus complex in Hamlet. This is an idea developed by Freud who says that all sons develop affections for their mothers and murderous instincts towards their fathers. There are many arguments that go against this perspective though. Hamlet is very outspoken about Gertrudes incestuous behaviour so isnt likely to want her in a sexual manner. Furthermore, Hamlet seems to view his father as a type of god, Hyperion and so isnt very likely to want to kill him. In fact, Hamlet wants to do the exact opposite, as he is trying to revenge the murder of his father. Hamlet only sees the incestuous behaviour from Gertrude and for him, she represents women in general, he is suspicious of all women. We do get a different view of Gertrude and particularly of Ophelia through the eyes of other people at certain times. When they are shown, they are often represented in a very negative way, in the way they would have been represented at the time. A good example of this is when Laertes tells Ophelia to stop seeing Hamlet and she replies I shall obey, my lord. Because we are led to believe that she is in love with Hamlet, this is an order she shouldnt be disposed to obey. In medieval times when Hamlet was set, women were expected to obey their fathers and brother until they got married and could obey their husbands. This is why Ophelia had little choice but to say this. This is why Ophelias madness has such an importance in the play. It gives Ophelia the freedom to say what she could not say before, for example giving columbines to Laertes to represent ingratitudes and infidelity Theres fennel for you and columbines Also her loss of innocence ends with her eventual suicide. At the time suicide was a sin against God and so people who committed suicide werent allowed a proper funeral. Ophelias innocence is however preserved by allowing her a funeral even after her suicide. Hamlet claims that he is faking madness but at times his madness appears r eal. There are two suspected reasons for his madness and both reasons include women. The first explanation is that Hamlet is in love with Ophelia and his rejection from her has driven him to madness. This is a reasonable explanation because Hamlet often seems a lot more discourteous whilst talking to Ophelia Get thee to a nunnery. The other explanation for Hamlets madness is that he is offended by Gertrudes marriage to Claudius. He doesnt think that Claudius is worthy to be like his father. Hamlets treatment of Ophelia in the play can be interpreted in two ways. Most of the time he appears cruel to her; as if he is just using her as a way of further convincing everybody else that he is mad. A good example of this is when he is talking to her and he realises that Claudius and Polonius are listening. This is when he says the line get thee to a nunnery He seems to hurt Ophelia both physically as well as mentally. Another explanation of this is that he is trying to protect her. Hamlet describes the world as a corrupt Eden and so get thee to a nunnery is sending her away from evil and corruption. Also he is sending her away from the bloodshed that he predicts is going to happen. Hamlet is often sceptical against women. He says to Ophelia or is thou wilt need marry, marry a fool, for wise men know what monsters you will make of them. This shows how bitter he is towards women and how bitter he is towards the world. This bitterness may be because he feels he has been betrayed b y the two main women in his life. His mothers offence being her marriage to Claudius and Ophelias by rejecting him. Gertrude isnt necessarily innocent in the play but is however tainted by Claudius. This proves that Shakespeare presents women as being morally week, and led by men, rather than making their own choices. Even when Gertrude breaks away from the evil of Claudius she is led by another man in her son Hamlet. Although this is a more positive reflection of Gertrude and women it still shows how women are easily led and not able to make their own decisions. It isnt certain whether Shakespeare is showing this presentation of women as a way of showing that this is wrong, or whether it is just a part of the play that fits in with historical setting. Or he may have been agreeing that this is the way that women should be portrayed.   In The Millers Tale, Alison is focused on as the centrepiece of attention between three males; this is shown to be because of her beauty Fair was this yonge wyf. However, her beauty is also the reason for the downfall between the relationship she had with John, her husband. In the opening sections of the play, Chaucer declares John as an over protective character Jalous he was, and heel hire nawe in cage. Furthermore, Alison is also described as being a flirt and having a likerous eye which insinuates the expectation of her infidelity which is proved in her interactions with Nicholas. Chaucer with this text is exclaiming that relationships with a large age gap usually induce the younger partner to become unfaithful. Hamlets murderous plot is much similar to Nicholass methods way of seducing Alison, both Characters show to be very cunning in their means of achieving their goals; both pretend to be mad and act in a different way than usual. Nicholas pretends to have become absorbed by his astrological work, This man is falle, with his astromye, Hamlet acts in a perverse way towards Ophelia and presents himself before her in an unusual manner, No hat upon his head, his stockings fouled, These deliberate acts of madness by Hamlet and Nicholas are so effective towards their target audience and in Hamlets case it even presents a domino effect towards his target as she becomes mad herself later on in the play. Chaucers text is interesting as it has a very vague outlook on the love that the characters had for one another. Johns love is much closer to obsession for the younger Alisoun which that he lovede moore than his lyf such a relationship is shown by Chaucer to be detrimental. Nicholas and Alisouns love for one another is in fact pure lust between the two characters. And heeld hire harde by the haunchbones this lustrous affair by Nicholas and Alisoun is also shown to be detrimental as both characters did not stay together afterwards. Chaucers inclusion of Absolon adds another potential type of love towards Alisoun. Absolon is neither as obsessed with Alisoun as John nor is he as lustrous as Nicholas. He is driven by admiration for Alisoun and his love revolves around this, Chaucer shows this by making Absolon the only lover to use the courtly love traditions to try and ensnare Alisoun whom he regards as My faire bryd, my sweete cynamome. However, Absolon is also the only character to no t have succeeded with Alisoun. Chaucer may be suggesting that the courtly love traditions where not the key to love. This self-imposed madness of Hamlets is also alike to that of April Wheeler in Revolutionary Road; the impact is also similar towards the relationship between April and Franks relationship. Like Hamlet, April starts to act in a different way towards Frank mentioning how she felt ensnared by him, Just because youve got me safely in a trap you think you, this is the first argument between April and Frank where both characters are as equally frustrated with one another and it sets the plane for such future encounters between them. Amidst this, another similarity between Shakespeare and Yates texts is the concept of lust not being very symbolic in terms of marriage length in comparison to true love as such. April mentions,your cowardly self-delusions about love when you know as well as I do that theres never been anything between us, which shows how much she thinks of her husband, a cowardly self delusion. In Hamlet, such a relationship is shown to exist between Gertrude and Claudius as Gertrude does not truly love Claudius but yet pretends to love him for other reasons not fully justified to the reader. This is verified by how quickly she agrees to leave Claudius when she is reprimanded by Hamlet about the incestuous marriage she is in, Be thou assuredI have no life to breathe. What thou hast said to me. Aprils dialogue with Frank in the play at the beginning might also be a hint as to what she as a character will actually do in real life; and I want to go out and do something thats absolutely crazy, and marvellous What April did in fact do at the end of her life was indeed marvellous and crazy as she both expressed a different ideology about the treatment of females as a whole, however her methods for doing so were albeit crazy. This is similar to Ophelias plot to try and act against the general assumptions that females must abide to rules and regulations. insert some quote jazz blah blah Para-> Discuss a theme of mendacity(lying) between the characters: Claudius and Gertrude; Nicholas and John/Absolon; Frank and April Edit this to school version. Sexual relationships are discovered in Hamlet and Revolutionary Road. However, such relationships when mentioned in detail are mostly on the basis of them being adulterous whereby either one or both of the partners are acting on lust rather than love. It is uncertain the relationship between Claudius and Gertrude because Shakespeare does not include any romantic dialogue between the pair and the only reference to them sharing any sexual relations come from Hamlet himself, Let not the royal bed of Denmark be/A couch for luxury and damned incest/But, howsoever thou pursuest this act. Furthermore, most critics tend to take a negative view towards Gertrude because of the speed at which she got over her husband. L.L. SchÃ…Â ±cking states The Queen, her peace of mind and untroubled conscience ruthlessly assailed, becomes uneasy, even bitter. This is very similar to the relationship between Frank and April whereby sexual interactions are very rare and if they do arise they are either ad ulterous or April trying to make Frank do what she wants him too. John Givings in Revolutionary Road tells Frank, You want to play house, you got to have a job. You want to play very  nice  house, very  sweet  house, then you got to have a job you dont like. This is the way ninety-eight-point-nine per cent of the people work things out, so believe me, buddy, youve got nothing to apologize for. John Givings is known to be a mentally ill person in the novel but the mere fact that April also sees things in his light justifies why Frank thought that she was also mentally ill to a certain degree and he offered to get her a shrink. A theme of dependency is explored by Yates whereby April depends entirely upon Franks decision so that she can move to Paris and leave the suburban unrealistic lifestyle that she feels ensnared by. April tells Frank, How did we ever get into this strange dream world, this goes to show how she had no regard whatsoever of the environment she was in and believed herself to be in a dreamlike state when living in the place. Shakespeare uses a similar effect in Hamlet where he included the dialogue between Hamlet and his Fathers ghost where Hamlet shouts out Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damned. This further proves that Hamlet and April are conscious about feeling in such an unrealistic state but they are also the characters who are shown to do the most unrealistic things. Both Shakespeare and Yates chose Death, as the medium to part the main love figures in their respective texts. Such a strong parting adds more emphasis to the emotions felt by the lover that is left behind to mourn the death of his beloved. In Hamlet, Hamlet actually provokes Laertes. Let thy wisdom fear. Hold off thy hand. Such a bold outburst is unlike Hamlet as he contrived a whole plot to accuse Claudius of killing his father instead of confronting him head on. In Revolutionary Road, Frank is shown to also suffer from losing April; hed lost a lot of weight which could show that he was not eating as much as he should have been as he was in mourning for April. In Conclusion, Shakespeare, Chaucer and Yates all present male and female sexual and romantic language through narrations, double entendres and dependencies for one another. Chaucers descriptions of Nicholas and Alisoun through the character of The Miller justify to the reader the adulterous act between the pair, Shakespeares use of hendiadys throughout Hamlet endorses his message as the main character is under one big lie from the beginning of the play. Finally, Yates uses the fact that females were dependent upon males in the 1950s but his message was to show that strong willed women like April still had control over their partners decisions. Word Count: 2576

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Interracial America :: Racial Relations, People of Color, Asians

Lakshmi Chaundhry is a senior editor of AlterNet, an independent, alternative online news magazine. He thinks that people of different races falling in love, is a â€Å"luxury we can’t afford.†(158) Meanwhile, Andrew Sullivan a contributing writer for New York Times Magazine and senior editor of the New Republic thinks that interracial marriages break barriers and make people happier which in turn makes them more successful. Sullivan thinks, â€Å"If the rate of inter-racial marriages increases, the next generation may well not identify as ‘black’ or ‘white’ at all.†(158) â€Å"To avoid frustration, self-loathing, and anger, people of color should be discouraged from entering interracial romantic relationships,† claims Chaundry.(158) Chaundry suggests that people should stay away from interracial relationships. One of his main reasons is because not everyone will have someone. He feels that everyone picks and chooses. Chaundry states that it’s a â€Å"racial hierarchy.† â€Å"Anglos squarely are at the top.†(159) The Anglos determine who is hot and who is not. One of his arguments is about Asians. â€Å"Asians just don’t cut the list,† states Chaundry. (159) There will be no women for the Asian guy. â€Å"’We’re at the bottom of the pile, right along with black women.’†(159) Even Hollywood shows this. â€Å"In ‘Shanghai Knights,’ actress Fann Wong is matched with Owen Wilson instead of Jackie Chan, who is conveniently cast as her brother.†(159) Hollywood is send ing the message that Asian men are not wanted. â€Å"No women for the Asian guy.†(159) This affects the life of people. Henry says, â€Å"’It means a lot of loneliness, a lot of Friday nights without a date.’†(159) Being lonely leads these men to have â€Å"’an obsession with pornography.’† (160) Not having anyone for them affects the lives of these Asian men. On the contrary, â€Å"Asian women have a better shot at getting some white booty.†(160) This is called a â€Å"cultural leverage.†(160). A cultural leverage is when one sex isn’t really accepted culturally but the other sex can get anyone they desire. The Asian woman has more sexual options. The Asian man is limited to very few choices. â€Å"The men in my community want the right to do the same.†(160) This is a problem that the Asian man faces according to Chaudhry and her resources. â€Å"I spent my teen years falling in and out of love with a number of seriously cute Indian boys.†(161) She grew up in Indian where she refers to it as â€Å"[having] harsher realities of race.†(161) When she moved back to America she was judged by a white person for her marriage.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Aliens Essay -- essays research papers

For over a thousand years people have reported seeing strange objects flying in the sky. Today the unknown flying objects -UFOs continue to visit us, on a regular basis. A large amount of recorded historical events of this issue have taken place to give the subject of UFOs recognition. Recently, many individuals have claimed to witness or be part of fantastic stories that attract some while are turned away. Videotapes, photographs and pieces of physical evidence do support some of these stories. Even more frightening, small objects called implants have been found in the bodies of some people that have reported strange sightings or encounters with strange objects. Once one begins to put it all together, the history, stories, claims, and evidence that science is to studying, the truth has come clear. We are not alone aliens do exist! Different cultures throughout the world have historical events, in their histories that are very much similar to what we call a UFO today. The oldest recorded sighting belongs to Thutmose, Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt around 1500 (BC) â€Å"†¦A circle of fire coming in the sky†¦ It had no head the breath of its mouth had a foul odor. Its body was one rod (16.5ft[5m]) long and one rod wide. It had no voice.† (Brookesmith, 13). Days after this, the number of objects increased it was said that, â€Å"these things became more numerous in the sky than ever. They shone more in the sky than the brightness of the sun, and extended to the limits of the four supports of the heavens†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brookesmith, 13). What could shine in the sky more than the sun? These ancient events did occur thousands of years before today’s world of technology and modern aircraft. This supports the fact that these UFOs were that, Unknown Flying Objects. In the past they had to deal with th is any way they could, some cultures used religion and the Bible. There are certain passages in the Bible that could be translated as being sightings of UFOs. In Exodus Chapter 13, verses 21-22, â€Å"†¦the lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night.† (Brookesmith,13). This can be translated to the following as I translate it, it seems like these people were being led by a craft that lit up the night for them. This is a very convincing UFO description. Such an event at that time could only be inter... ... be ignored proves that highly educated people are taking this seriously. That strange has now been seen in the sky for a very long time. Intelligent, honorable people have seen UFO’s and reported them. High-ranking intelligence officers of the military’s first atomic bomb squadron have recovered and examined what they believed to be a flying saucer and parts of it. After shipping it to higher headquarters their general tells them it’s not a flying saucer or UFO. Of all objects it is reported to be what seems like anyone could have identified a weather balloon! People who have observed UFO’s and reported missing time afterwards only to find out later that they became unwittingly extraterrestrial specimens. Surgeons are removing mysterious iron alloy metal objects from these people’s bodies. Some of these objects moving away from the surgeon’s scalpel! Doctors have tested alleged UFO crash material and claimed that it â€Å"†¦should be considered extraterrestrial in origin.† Rancher’s cattle are b eing mutilated with laser like tools before lasers were commercially available. All these reports add up to one a very disturbing conclusion, which worries me and should do so to everyone else.

Wireless Internet :: Essays Papers

Wireless Internet By 2004, the wireless subscriber base worldwide is expected to reach 1.4 billion users, and approximately 300 million users will be accessing the Internet from some form of wireless appliance. The race is on, and Nortel Networks have first-mover advantage. Nortel Networks already demonstrated wireless applications at speeds more than 25 times faster than today's industry standard. Recently, Herschel Shosteck Associates ranked Nortel Networks first in Wireless Internet infrastructure strategy, and The Yankee Group ranked Nortel Networks first in next-generation Wireless Internet architecture. More than 75 percent of North American and 50 percent of European backbone Internet traffic travels across Nortel optical networking equipment. Now Nortel Networks helping service providers deliver the unconstrained access and high bandwidth multimedia content second Wave of eBusiness customers demand. Nortel Networks 3G (Third Generation) networks provide wireless operators with faster time-to-market and greater profitability. Nortel Networks solutions offer clear migration paths, allowing service providers to leverage their existing network investments while upgrading. And they work collaboratively with Nortel Networks customers, achieving the fastest time-to-market possible. Wireless Internet gives emerging wireless service providers a powerful opportunity to differentiate themselves from their competition based on the ability to rapidly create and deliver profitable next-generation Wireless Internet services while maximizing the efficiency of their networks. Wireless Internet brings value to service providers by: Helping generate profits, quickly. Reducing the time required to design and deploy new Wireless Internet services. It’s enabling new revenues quickly and assuring a positive return on their network investment. Wireless Internet also improving performance, at reduced costs by facilitating the fast identification and repair of network faults, the proactive optimization of network performance, and the acceleration of the service-provisioning process. Nortel Networks also Evolving and growing with service providers' needs by supporting multiple wireless network technologies, spanning multiple wireless-network generations, and building cr oss-domain management capabilities on a single, scalable, and open platform. Nortel Networks' state-of-the-art DMS-100 Wireless product is a multi-functional switching system that integrates the industry's most respected DMS-100/200 (local/toll) wireline and DMS Mobile Telephone Exchange (MTX) digital wireless switching systems onto a single hardware platform. The DMS-100 Wireless offers a flexible and cost effective way for a service provider to establish a single point of presence in both traditional wireline and wireless markets, as well as new data and internet telephony markets. And, by delivering new integrated customer services such as a single voice mail box, one number capabilities, and feature transparency, service providers can pursue new revenue opportunities, increase customer satisfaction, and establish a market presence as a technology leader.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Environmental Protection

Many centuries ago people lived in harmony with nature because industry was not much developed. There was no ecological problem until people built lots of plants and factories which sent wastes into the air, water and land where they didn't disappear but lasted forever in one form or another. Nowadays people live only according to their wants and requirements, they ignore the laws of nature. That's why today the contradictions between man and nature are dramatic. People are slowly destroying the nature environment around them. Today we are anxious about the state of the air we breathe because every year world industry throws out into atmosphere about 1 000 million tons of dust, smoke and other harmful substances and people of many cities suffer from smog. | Another reason why there is such high level of air pollution in large cities is because of car exhaust fumes from very intensive transport. A great number of plants get used to dump poisonous chemical wastes in rivers, lakes and seas that has led to polluting water and killing fish life. At present time pollution from sinking ships and tankers with oil is increasing and there is a strong destruction of sea life. We face the fresh water supply problem today because of the depletion of water resources and the disruption of water cycle. Speaking about atmosphere we should mention ozone holes which are result of air pollution and their increase can lead to the destruction of the whole great chain of life of our planet. The pollution of the air, oceans, seas, rivers and lakes and the destruction of the ozone layer could lead our planet to a global catastrophe. But the most terrible catastrophe of our age is the Chernobyl disaster which has resulted not only in atomic explosion but has brought death to 300 thousands hectares of farm lands and has affected the lives of millions of people. The radiation doses have affected and will continue to affect the health of people living in contaminated areas. The Earth is our home that's why we must take measures to fight land pollution and keep our environment clean; we must plant trees and flowers and take care of animals, we must not throw our wastes into the rivers. In many countries environmental protection organizations such as â€Å"Green Peace†, â€Å"Friend of the Earth†, â€Å"World Wild Life Fund† are set up which try to put pressure upon the governments that don't care for ecology in their countries. The humankind will be able to survive only if we all realize that environmental protection is our universal concern.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Terrorism And Society

Although terrorist act originally referred to acts committed by a gwernment, currently It usually refers to the violent death of innocent people for political purposes In such a way as to reate a media spectacle. This meaning enkindle be traced back to Sergey Nechayev, who described himself as a terrorist. Nechayev founded the Russian terrorist group Peoples Retribution in 1869. In November 2004. a United Nations monument General report described terrorist act as any act think to ca economic consumption death or sober ph population or stimulate a government or an world-wide organization to do or refrain from doing any act.Pejorative Use The hurt terrorist act and terrorist (someone who engages in terrorism) carry substantive negative connotations. These toll atomic number 18 oftentimes subroutine as political labels, to destine forcefulness or the nemesis of violence by certain actors as immoral, indiscriminate, inordinate or to condemn an entire plane section of a population. Those labeled terrorists by their opponents rarely identify themselves as such, and typically use other terms or terms specific to their situation, such as separatist, emancipation fighter.On the question of whether particular terrorist acts, such as killing civilians, can be reassert as the lesser evil in a particular circumstance, philosophers have expressed different views while, correspond to David Rodin, utilitarian philosophers can (in theory) conceive of cases in which the evil of terrorism is outweighed by the good which could not be achieved in a less virtuously costly way, in practice the destructive proceedings of undermining the convention of non- combatant license is thought to outweigh the goods that may be achieved by particular acts of terrorism.Among the non-utilitarian philosophers, Michael Walzer argued that terrorism can be morally confirm in only one specific case when a nation or community faces the extreme threat of distinguish de struction and the nly way it can remain itself is by intentionally targeting non-combatants, then it is morally entitled to do so. Motivation Of terrorism Attacks on collaborators are utilize to trammel people from cooperating with the state in nightspot to undermine state control.This strategy was utilise in the USA in its contend of Independence and in Ireland, in Kenya, in Algeria and in Cyprus during their independence struggles. Attacks on senior high profile symbolic targets are used to incite counter-terrorism by the state to polarize the population. This strategy was used by A1 fundament in its attacks on the USA in September 2001. These attacks are also used to draw international attention to struggles which are otherwise unreported such as the Palestinian airplane hijackings in 1970 and the randomness Moluccan hostage crises in the Netherlands in 1975.Abraham suggests that terrorist organizations do not select terrorism for its political effectiveness. Individual terrorists tend to be make more by a proclivity for social solidarity with other members of their organization than by political platforms or strategic objectives, which are often murky and undefined. unearthly terrorist act Religious terrorism is terrorism performed by groups or individuals, the motivation of which is typically root in faith-based tenets. solicitudeist acts throughout the centuries have been performed on spectral grounds with the hope to either spread or enforce a system of belief, viewpoint or opinion. Religious terrorism does not in itself inevitably define a specific unearthly standpoint or view, but kinda usually defines Terrorism in India A common definition of terrorism is the domineering use or threatened use of violence to intimidate a population or government and thereby effect political, religious, r ideological change.Terrorism in India, according to the Home Ministry, poses a significant threat to the state. Terrorism in India are essentiall y two types external and internal, external terrorism emerge from neighbouring countries and internal terrorism emulates from religious or communal violence and Naxalite-Maoist insurgency. Terror activities involve either Indian or foreign citizens. The regions with long term terrorist activities like a shot are Jammu and Kashmir, Mumbai, Central India (Naxalism) and the Seven baby States(independence and autonomy movements).