Why was India so important to Britain between c. 1858 and 1914 Essay

Why was India so important to Britain between c. 1858 and 1914 - Essay Example But in course of time the merchants became the master of the land2. Like Dutch, the Danish started a Danish East India Company in 1616 and established factories at Tranquebar in 1620 and Serampore in 1676. But they sold of their factories to the British in 1845 for Rs. 12, 50,000. The Ostend Company was similarly started by Flemish merchants in 1723. Its chief settlement in India was at Bankibazar, three miles north of Barrackpur. A Swedish East India Company was chartered in 1731. All these projects, after sometime, could not stand the test of time3. The victory of the English over the Spanish Armada and the report of the immense wealth of India spread by the English travellers like Ralph Fitch and Mildenball aroused in the minds of Englishmen a strong desire to trade with the East. With this end in a view body of English merchants applied to Queen Elizabeth for a charter granting them the right of trading in the East. In 1600, Queen Elizabeth granted them under the title, ‘The Governor And Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies’ - a monopoly of trade in the East for a term of 15 years. This company is generally known as East India Company. India was the bone of contention between England and France but as a result of three Carnatic Wars fought from 1746 to 1761, the East India Company had established her superiority in India. As a result of her success in the wars amongst European Powers in the 18th Century, England emerged as the mistress of the seas4. There is no doubt that the permanent settlement made the British government highly popular and gave stability to its administration. The causes those were responsible for the success of the English Company. Firstly it was a private enterprise. This created a spirit of self-reliance among the people. They knew that if they worked hard, they would be able to get profits and if they slacked, they were to be ruined. The result was English company

Reproductive Health in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Reproductive Health in Nursing Essay Reproductive Health Bill was introduced by Congresswoman Bellaflor J. Angara -Castillo is also known as  ³Reproductive Health Care Act of 2002 ´,assembled at Senateand House of Representatives of the Philippines, and now known as House Bill 5043 of 2008. It ¶s been years since the bill was approved in the senate, due to some churchconflicts, biomedical ethical issues and some scientific research conflicts. Today thereare still lots of Filipino citizen who are now fully aware about this bill and why this billwas imposed.Before I write this reaction paper I had to read the Bill twice and read somearticles, reaction and comments in the internet I had read books and research which isrelated to reproductive health, sex education and Bioethics, for me to fully understandwhat was the RH bill all about and the reason of the creation of this bill. Poverty, the main problems that the Philippine is facing today and they say thatthe primary factors that lead to poverty is due to overpopulation, the Philippines has apopulation of 64,318,120 in 1990. Today the population is ballooning and estimated toover 94 million according to latest census and the top 12 th  country having the mostpopulation. The population is growing by about 2 percent a year, giving the Philippinesone of the world ¶s highest population-growth rates.This is one of the reasons of the creation of the Reproductive Health bill to give asolution to poverty by eradicating the overpopulation problem, by implementing familyplanning, sex education and prevent the sexually transmitted disease.

Gasoline Dependence Essays -- Environment, Carbon Emissions

For over 100 years, the automobile industry has relied on gasoline as its main source of fuel. Gasoline is a colorless, highly flammable substance used in internal combustion engines. It is a fossil fuel made from crude oil, a natural gas formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals (Webster‘s Dictionary). Gasoline has positively influenced our way of life by providing convenient, on demand transportation. It has created a global economy that moves people and goods faster and more easily than ever imagined (Povey 12). Although a seemingly perfect substance, it has unprecedented flaws. The tremendous political, environmental, and economic problems resultant from the excessive use of gasoline leads to the conclusion that the automobile industry should not continue to rely on this source of fuel. Environmental Risks When the problems with gasoline use are considered, the catastrophic environmental effects are the primary concern. Automobile use consumes 70 percent of the United States oil supply and is responsible for one-third of the nation’s carbon emissions (Lovins 173). This results in pollution, global warming, and health problems for the people, plants, and animals. The search for alternative fuel is powered by the increasingly evident environmental problems and long-term health of the planet (Povey 17). Fortunately, reducing emissions globally is predicted to have a positive effect and offset previous harms (Backer). As years pass and demand for gasoline increases, it is inevitable that the world’s oil supply will not last forever. This idea is made increasingly clear by evidence of peaking. Peak production is the point in time when about one-half of the world’s oil supply will be gone. Oil production in a given ... ...Africa, simply to ensure a steady supply of oil for America. Finding an alternative fuel would be much safer, and much less expensive. Alternative fuels also do not fund a war against America. By paying for such large amounts of oil, America is funding both sides of the Islamic war; Middle East countries use American money to fight (Hobson). Alternative fuels allow America to keep to themselves and avoid conflict. Gasoline is thought to be a helpful substance to all countries worldwide. However, the negative effects are far greater than the positive. A diversity of clean fuels is vital for the political, environmental, and economic health of America. Although gasoline is a product depended on by the United States of America and many other countries, the negative effects are unbearable, dangerous, and unnecessary due to the opportunity to use alternative fuels.

How Mortal Life Heightens the Appreciation of Life in Eliot and Maddy :: Eliot Wasteland Maddy Essays

How Mortal Life Heightens the Appreciation of Life in Eliot and Maddy Mortal loss and the appreciation for life are very important concepts in writing. Both T.S. Eliot and Yulisa Amadu Maddy use this concept very heavily in their writing styles. T. S. Eliot’s major theme in The Waste Land surrounds death and World War One. The title The Waste Land, gives the reader a feeling of being lost in a world of waste and hopeless causes. The first part of the poem, The Waste Land, is titled, "The Burial of the Dead." This negative title gives the reader a sense of gloom and death. The title is very indicative of what is to come later on in the poem. The novel, No Past No Present No Future, by Yulisa Amadu Maddy is very dark and its title gives the audience a sense of hopelessness and no sense of direction. The reader feels that if he or she is not in the past, present, or future, then where is he or she in the circle of life? The beginnings of both pieces of literature give the reader a feeling of being lost and being depressed. Both works, The Waste Lan d and No Past No Present No Future, deal with death and mortal loss, and both authors, Eliot and Maddy use death to show the audience how important life is. In the first couple of lines in The Waste Land Eliot says, "April is the cruellest month, breeding/ Lilacs out of the dead land," (lines 1-2). Breeding Lilacs gives a sense of hope for life, but at the same time, attached to April and its dead land, we are returned to the aspect of death. T.S. Eliot later in the poem states he "will show you fear in a handful of dust," which is a sign of human mortality, and Eliot describes in his poem the appreciation for life because of the threat of mortal loss. Eliot talks about how "the dead tree gives no shelter"(l.23). Without life we have no shelter and no water or the necessities in nature. The examples of the dead and their inadequacy of shelter and water, gives the readers an understanding of what is needed to live. A living being must have shelter and water, and an example without it heightens the appreciation of life. Eliot goes on to talk about the brown fog of London and how all of the people are hanging their heads looking at their fe et.

Lead Trial

INTRODUCTION Lead is a type of metal that is extremely toxic. It is used in the industries for the manufacture of various products like paint, gasoline etc. The chemical is also a component of products like ammunitions and batteries. Lead is a problem because of its dangerous and irreversible hazards. In the industry for instance, workers who are in constant touch with paints and gases stand a high risk of illness as a result of this chemical. It also poses danger especially on children whose weak bodies become vulnerable due to the devastating effects of lead. The control of lead levels and exposure to materials containing the chemical is inevitable. But with the application of the OSHA standards, it is anticipated that employees would not find their way into contact with this material. These standards require that employers should make their workplaces free of lead and other hazardous materials. Background Lead is a bluish chemical (when fresh) but grey (when exposed to the atmosphere). Its usage traces back to more than 6000 years. The metal does not easily rust and is also a poor conductor of electricity. It is found in the earth’s crust as an ore together with their metals like copper and zinc. Exposure to lead can lead to the damage of the nerves. It can also contribute to kidney problems especially nephrosis. Besides this, the chemical is also believed to be one of the greatest contributors to brain damages and also blood disorders. In children, an even low level of lead in their blood is harmful. It can cause retarded growth, IQ problems and hearing problems. It can ultimately lead to death of the infant. Sampling methods In order to find the lead levels in humans, sampling is carried out. Various methods are used like OSHA, MOSH, etc. THE OSHA METHOD OF SAMPLING LEAD This method incorporates filters that have got sampling pumps. After collection of these samples, analysis is done through emission spediometry or flame atomic absorption. Detection of specific metals can be through minute or bunk quantities. Tetramethyl and Tetraethyl compounds of lead can be analysed using In-House method as the stop gap procedure. Advances in techniques and different levels of exposure limits may render a given OSHA method inapplicable. The first step in analysis is to make bunk particles lesser i.e. grinding, or crushing to powder form. The samples are mixed with strong acid concentrates or if possible using de ionised water. The sample solution is then diluted, and exposed to atomic absorption or spectrophotometer rays. Through the measure of characteristic wavelength, it is possible to determine the element but after atomization and achievement of the excited stage of the atoms. Samples may be from the skin surface like the arms, hands or neck. A wise packet is torn open without touching the wire and given to the worker being evaluated. Employee is to remove the wipe from the package and unfold it. In the case of the hand, a person wipes the palms first and both sides of hand. This wiping is done for not less than 30 seconds using both sides of wire. For samples not from the skin, gloved hands are used to open wipe packet and unfold the wire. The designated surface for sampling is wired through repeated horizontal motions. The second wire is done at right angles to the first wire. The designated surface for sampling is wiped through repeated horizontal motions. The second wire is done at right angles to the first wire. It was noted that the employees did not wear separate work clothing or boots while at work. There is a common neglect of washing hands before drinking, eating or smoking. Some employees smoked near lead dust and fumes. Most of the times ,dry sweeping was done. The respirators worn at work were ill fitting, and worn out. The Californian lead exposure for workers in workplaces shows only 2.7% of facilities have participated in lead environment monitoring, laboratory based surveillance for lead poisoning in employees may mislead on the number of employees exposed. The Californian facilities that use lead are about 53,000. Around 240,000 employees in these factories are in lead related plant processes. This is only about 2.5% of the total Californian work force. Only 1.4% of lead- using process facilities and 2.6% facilities have the lead monitoring program. Employees in storage battery manufacture potentially exposed to lead are 1,950. Exposed individuals in the ship building repair, industry are 1,099 wending repair 312 people.  Significantly 107,322 employees are exposed below lead action level. However, 88,262 are exposed above action level/ Table showing lead exposure levels in air sampling data: The control measures recommended are to avoid spillage of lead-based oils and gasoline fumes be stored with facilities that have adequate ventilation systems. Lead process plants be enclosed and employees have sufficient respirator systems. Protective systems like using wet sweeping should be done and exposure to naked eye welding avoided.  Consistent supervision, while encouraging minimum exposure to lead and prohibiting of eating, drinking, smoking or cosmetic application in the working place should be some of the control measures. Administrative controls may target the schedule of working. Risk-prone, lead exposure e processes may be done when there are fewer workers at the facility. Also to protect the unborn, pregnant women may be assigned other work stages away from this (lead) contaminant. CONCLUSION The lead poisoning exposure levels are quite high given that about the employees exposed the results postulated show a figure that is not as accurate since less than half the facilities were sampled.  Lead, a heavy metal is absorbed into the digestive system whenever inhaled. Smaller particles of lead reach deeper in the lungs into the broad system. Lead damages body ability to make red blood cells.  Lead poisoning for the unborn and children can affect the child’s ability to use vitamin D and calcium. It can retard the kid’s brain, nervous system and red bone marrow. Individuals having lead exposure levels that are active levels require chelate treatment. Lead exposed men have been noted to have problems like low fertility, erectile dysfunction and brain defects. Among women, incidences of still births, miscarriages and social skill problems in the offsprings are rampant. Substitution of lead for safer elements and change of process to minimize lead exposure for employees at the facility is necessary. Ventilation systems should be installed to reduce the amount of lead in air or dust. Isolation can be done by reducing the number of people present during lead processing. Good hygiene should be enforced. Most importantly, protective clothing, detection gadgets should be applied. REFERENCES Binns HJ, Kim D, Campbell C. Targeted screening for elevated blood lead levels: populations at high risk.2002, Mc ghill, USA.  Gorstein J, Sullivan K, Yip R, et al. Issues in the assessment of nutritional status using anthropometry. Bull World Health Organ 1994; PubMed-Cental, USA. United Nations System/Standing Committee on Nutrition. Nutrition information in crisis situations. Geneva, Switzerland: Secretariat of the UNS/SCN; May 2004. US Consumer Product Safety Commission. Ban of lead-containing paint and certain consumer products bearing lead-containing paint, American public health Association, USA.      

Economic Transformation in India Essay Example

Economic Transformation in India Essay Example Economic Transformation in India Essay Economic Transformation in India Essay Economic Transformation in India Name: Institution: Economic Transformation in India The economy is the most significant factor of the era. The chapter has highlighted different economic achievements of the country. The different regimes have instilled different measures to liberate the country’s economy. Nehru grew the home industries and encouraged consumption of domestic goods by imposing high import taxes, which discouraged foreign goods. The development of a five-year plan helped in growing different sectors of the economy such as agriculture and manufacturing. Rajiv Gandhi did away with the bureaucratic controls, which were a burden to many people, and this helped in growing the economy because it enabled the creation of industries and other sectors in rural areas. The country has sometimes failed in its economic efforts, and it has sought the assistance of foreign governments. The launch of the Indian stock exchange led to more growth in the economy because it contributed to an increase in the number of investors. The second factor I would rate as the most notable is society. The society has changed because of the changes experienced in the economy. People who once lived in poverty and could not afford to pave their way through life have a new lease of life. The economy has a major impact on people and the society because of its ability to transform. When there are greater opportunities in the economy, the people realize more job and employment opportunities. They are able to change their lives by starting jobs and hiring people, and by introducing new concepts within the society. A positive economic shift enables people to have new experiences and change their societies based on what they have learnt. It introduces people to new things and new methods of doing things, and this affects the society in a positive manner. These factors would have affected people’s daily lives in different ways. Those who were poor and had nothing to eat, to wear or a place to stay would have had a chance to get these things and change their lives. The economic growth experienced in the country has changed people’s lives. People have new opportunities, and they are able to access services that were once thought to be a privilege for the few. People’s future is no longer determined by the castes they belong to, which tended to dictate people’s lives in the past. A person belonging to the lower caste had few opportunities to have a better life. However, with increased exposure and hard work, people are now able to make economic changes in their lives. They are able to change their lives and the lives of other people belonging in the lower castes. If I were to write a historical novel, the character that would represent this era best would be a poor man belonging to the untouchables or to the lowest castes. This person would have limited opportunities to make any meaningful difference in his life. He would come from a family where he has both parents, yet they are many children within the family. By using such a character, it would be possible to see the rapid transformation of this character. The economic growth in the country and the economic transformations, which led to the opening up of closed areas, would give such a person the chance to work hard and to struggle through life, with the hope and possibility of becoming successful. Without the possibilities realized by economic transformation, it would not be possible for that person to have any hope for the future, regardless of how hard the person worked. References Giridharadas, A. (2010, Dec 30). The caste buster. The New York Times. Retrieved from nytimes.com/2011/01/02/magazine/02Striver-t.html?scp=2sq=anand%20giridharadasst=cse_r=0 Kapur, A. (2011, Jan 5). The success of ordinary Indians. The New York Times. Retrieved from nytimes.com/2011/01/06/world/asia/06iht-letter06.html Stein, B. (2010). A history of India, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Free Essays on Violence On Tv

Ever since the invention of television, our society debates the effects of media violence. Many think that it has a negative impact, other believe that it has a great educational and entertainment value. Those who think negatively can say that it develops aggression in children, disturbs people’s minds and spreads violence around the world. However, those statements are incorrect. Violence on television is insignificant to the negative behavior of our society because it is a tool to educate our children, as well as it helps us understand the world around us, but in any ways it can be avoided if you choose to. Television is being blamed for children becoming violent in later life because it is an easy scapegoat. In many families, television has become an electronic baby-sitter; a replacement for quality time with parents. Parents should not let the television raise their children. They should take control of their child’s life and entertainment. Perhaps the most important way to prevent children from being affected by violence on TV is to stop it where it starts. The parents should step in and explain the difference between reality and fiction because the exposure to violence in childhood will not harm. Ghetto children see violence unknown to other children, but it does not influence them because it is so hateful for them. If can teach your child that violence is bad then he would never do anything similar to it, and televised violence will be just one of your tool to accomplish that. Violence on television not only teaches children but the entire world as well. It is harmless to our society because it is the most credible and believable source of information on the reality of the world. Many people will disagree since they only look at the negative aspects. But violence is an important fact of our lives, it is part of the human condition. It also teaches that the world is a cruel and unworthy place and we are the ... Free Essays on Violence On Tv Free Essays on Violence On Tv Ever since the invention of television, our society debates the effects of media violence. Many think that it has a negative impact, other believe that it has a great educational and entertainment value. Those who think negatively can say that it develops aggression in children, disturbs people’s minds and spreads violence around the world. However, those statements are incorrect. Violence on television is insignificant to the negative behavior of our society because it is a tool to educate our children, as well as it helps us understand the world around us, but in any ways it can be avoided if you choose to. Television is being blamed for children becoming violent in later life because it is an easy scapegoat. In many families, television has become an electronic baby-sitter; a replacement for quality time with parents. Parents should not let the television raise their children. They should take control of their child’s life and entertainment. Perhaps the most important way to prevent children from being affected by violence on TV is to stop it where it starts. The parents should step in and explain the difference between reality and fiction because the exposure to violence in childhood will not harm. Ghetto children see violence unknown to other children, but it does not influence them because it is so hateful for them. If can teach your child that violence is bad then he would never do anything similar to it, and televised violence will be just one of your tool to accomplish that. Violence on television not only teaches children but the entire world as well. It is harmless to our society because it is the most credible and believable source of information on the reality of the world. Many people will disagree since they only look at the negative aspects. But violence is an important fact of our lives, it is part of the human condition. It also teaches that the world is a cruel and unworthy place and we are the ...